Why you need a LED Flat Panel Light

Led Flat Panel is made by the Led light. The light source of the Led flat panel light is high brightness white led light or warm white led light with  some features such as high effective, low power, long life, easy to control, non-maintenance, safe and environmental etc. It is a new cold light source.
The Led panel light can be used in hospital, office, bank, hotel and some other place that indoor. For more features, pls read the commonets as below :
1, LED panel light energy efficient: the degree of electricity consumption is only 1000 hours (normal 60W incandescent light 17 hours of electricity consumption of an ordinary 10W energy saving lamp 100 hours of electricity consumption of 1)
2, LED panel light and long life: light-emitting semiconductor chip, no filament, no glass bulbs, not afraid of vibration, less breakable, life of up to 50,000 hours (incandescent life of only 1000 hours, ordinary life is alsoenergy-saving lamps Only 8000 hours)
3, LED panel light is health light: light healthy does not contain ultraviolet and infrared light, does not produce radiation (ordinary light contains ultraviolet and infrared ray)
4, Green products, environmental: Led panel light is not harmful elements such as mercury and xenon, conducive to Centrifugal Fan recovery and, it does not produce electromagnetic interference (ordinary lamps contain mercury and lead, elements,energy saving lamp electronic ballasts will produce electromagnetic interference)
5, Protection of eyesight: DC drive, no strobe (ordinary light are AC drive, will inevitably produce strobe)
6, Light efficiency is high: fever small, 90% of the electrical energy into visible light (80% of normal incandescent heat into electricity, only 20% of the electrical energy into light energy) 

7, High safety factor: LED panel light required voltage, current is small, less heat, not produce safety hazards, mines and other dangerous places in the 14, impact resistance, anti-Lei Lijiang, no ultraviolet (UV) and infrared ( IR) radiation. No filament and glass case, there is no fragmentation of the traditional lamp problem, the human body without harm, no radiation.
8, low thermal voltages: safe and reliable. Surface temperature ≤ 60 ℃ (Ta = 25 ℃ ambient temperature when);
9, Wide voltage range over the globe. 85V ~ 264VAC full voltage range constant current, ensure the life and brightness from voltage fluctuations;
10, Using constant-current PWM technology, high efficiency, low calorie, high precision constant current;
11, LED Panel light reduce line loss, pollution-free power grid. Power factor ≥ 0.9, THD ≤ 20%, EMI meet global targets to reduce the power supply line power loss and to avoid pollution of the power of high frequency interference;
12, Common Criteria can directly replace the existing grille light
13, the market potential: low voltage, DC power supply, battery, solar power, in remote mountainous areas and field lighting electricity, less electricity places.
LED Panel light source lighting market in the 21st century of hope, notice the many benefits of its future will gradually replace the traditional light source, high brightness LED oko committee that will be the man, after following the Edison incandescent light bulbs, one of the greatest inventions, the current global energytimes of crisis, energy is a valuable resource, saving energy is our future problems.
LED Flat Panel light, as a new energy-saving, environmentally friendly products the green light, must be the future Hydraulic Fittings trend.

Anchor to Expand LED Lighting Business and Begin Manufacturing in India

Anchor Electricals, a subsidiary of Panasonic India, is reportedly looking to expand its LED lighting business. Last week the company opened an LED lighting experience center in Mumbai and announced plans for a similar center in Bangalore."Our next such showroom will be in Bangalore and we will continue expanding to other major cities in India and hope to increase to 1,000 stores, including distributor and dealer stores, by around FY 2014-15," Anchor Electricals vice president sales Ashok Gangar said. "We will open four distributor stores in Mumbai and gradually spread out to other main urban areas." Gangar further stated that Anchor would soon select a site for a new plant to manufacture LEDs in India, however, he refused to share the details of the location.

Panasonic acquired Anchor, the 49-year-old Indian family-owned electrical equipment brand, in 2007. Anchor sells products like switches, fans, CFL and LEDs and also sells switches under the Panasonic brand, which are priced slightly higher.

"By March next year our turnover would be Rs 2,100 crore and it has almost doubled. In 2007, when Panasonic acquired it, the turnover was around Rs 1,000 crore," he said, adding that it has remained in number one atop the electrical switch gear industry. Currently, 55 percent of the company's revenue comes from this business segment, Gangar noted.

Although, presently the company does not export, Ganger revealed the company has plans to export in next two years to Gulf and Africa. "Till now there is no export from us. But in last few years, changes have happened. Our quality has improved as new technologies are coming from Japan. In next two years, we would start exporting our products to Middle East and Africa under Anchor by Panasonic brand."

2016 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Headquarters Incorporates Energy- and Maintenance-Saving GE LED Fixtures

LED fixtures at Rio de Janeiro site will save half a million dollars in energy costs compared to fluorescent technology

The modular headquarters of the Organizing Committee for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic and Paralympic Games is the first commercial building in Brazil to adopt GE Lighting’s Lumination™ ET Series Recessed LED Troffer, an ultra-thin fixture as thin as the width of a finger that brings modern styling to traditionally uninspired commercial ceiling spaces.

LED fixtures at Rio de Janeiro site will save half a million dollars in energy costs compared to fluorescent technology.

Approximately 3,000 Lumination ET Series Troffers offer an indoor lighting solution with lower energy consumption, longer life and lower greenhouse emissions resulting from power consumption compared with other options available in the market. The technology will help make the headquarters of 2,000 employees a benchmark in the search for more efficient solutions in the sports field and also will create an important legacy in infrastructure and technology for Rio de Janeiro and Brazil.

"LED technology plays a fundamental role in the model that sustains the environmentally conscious construction of the new headquarters for Rio 2016,” says Alexandre Ferrari, general manager of GE Lighting in Brazil. “We worked in partnership with Rio 2016 and the International Olympic Committee to create and enable a solution that combines energy efficiency, innovation and long-term, tangible benefits.”

By opting for the GE LED solution, Rio 2016 will save nearly half a million dollars on its energy bills over the four years the building will be used by the Organizing Committee. During this period, maintenance costs will be marginal, as the fixtures have an 11-year lifespan, approximately 120 percent longer than conventional fluorescent fixtures that last about five years.

"The headquarters of the Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016 is a project that seeks to use best practices in the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and solutions, creating an important and lasting legacy for the Brazilian society,” says Leonardo Gryner, operations general director for Rio 2016, “GE is certainly a strategic partner that contributed directly to achieving the goals of this initiative.”

The innovative design of the Lumination Luminaires allows greater lighting uniformity with fewer lighting points. When illuminated, the Lumination ET Series Recessed LED Troffers produce a perfectly even glow, delivering exceptionally uniform light to fill the space. While off, they appear free of a light source, while fluorescent fixtures are typically visible. The ultra-thin panels (0.5 inches) fit seamlessly in most common T-bar ceiling grids and feature a built-in dimmable LED driver to help make installation less complex and time consuming compared to traditional fixtures. As the Rio 2016 headquarters is a modular construction, the LED solutions will be available for future use after the closing of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.

The lighting design for this building was completed by Peter Gasper, a well-known lighting designer for several major Brazilian landmarks.

LED technology is part of a range of energy-efficient and lower-environmental-impact solutions provided by GE for the Rio 2016™ headquarters. The company also is responsible for state-of-the-art technologies used in energy security and electrical distribution. The building also uses 25 Uninterruptible Power Supply units supplied by GE Digital Energy, which continue the energy supply for 10 minutes in the event of a failure while the generators are turned on, preventing the interruption of work. Electrical distribution components also have been installed in the building, including circuit breakers, relays, plugs and other equipment from GE Industrial Solutions.

Efficient Technologies

LED technology is part of a range of energy-efficient and lower-environmental-impact solutions provided by GE to for the Rio 2016™ headquarters. The company also is responsible for state-of-the-art technologies used in energy security and electrical distribution. The building also uses 25 Uninterruptible Power Supply units supplied by GE Digital Energy, which continue the energy supply for 10 minutes in the event of a failure while the generators are turned on, preventing the interruption of work. Electrical distribution components also have been installed in the building, including circuit breakers, relays, plugs and other equipment from GE Industrial Solutions.

Both the LED Lumination Luminaires and the UPSs are part of GE’s ecomagination℠ initiative, which helps customers improve operational efficiencies while allowing a significant improvement in their environmental impact.

GE has been an official sponsor of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since 2006. Its commitment to contributing to the quality of the Games led the company to announce, in August 2011, the extension of its sponsorship agreement until the 2020 Games. Since the beginning of this partnership, GE has done more than $1 billion in Olympic-related business.

GE’s Lumination™ LED DownLights Provide Customizable Lighting Design

The first led downlight of GE’s Lumination™ LED Luminaires, the DI Series offers easy customization through an ideal ambient lighting solution for high-end retail, commercial office, and hospitality applications. Featuring the breakthrough design of GE Lighting’s Infusion™ technology, users can easily select their preferred lumen output and color temperature to illuminate key products or focal points with the simple switch of an LED module.

Offering greater flexibility and future-friendly versatility than typical LED downlights, the GE Lumination LED DownLight modules can be quickly and effortlessly removed and upgraded in seconds through a twist-fit design that doesn’t require a fixture change. The Infusion technology provides outstanding efficacy and color rendering—including high R9 values across all color temperatures—which is ideal for retail settings, lobbies and other areas where the color, richness and detail of merchandise and key interest areas can pop.

Source: GE Lighting

Additionally, the energy-efficient DI Series is available in 4- and 6-inch round and square shapes that allow users to choose the perfect light for each application.

“GE Lumination LED Downlights provide dramatic illumination to any store, office or hotel,” said GE Indoor LED Product Manager John Koster. “At the heart of the design is the Infusion DLM downlight module, which uses a unique color-mixing technology to deliver 90+ CRI and very high R9 at all lumen levels and color temperatures without sacrificing efficiency. Better yet, the socketable module allows for easy upgrade as LED technology advances, ensuring the lowest total cost of ownership. Customers will finally be able to upgrade or service just the LEDs—tool-free—without having to change the entire downlight. With lumen package options from 1,000 to 4,000 lumens, the Lumination DI Series truly is the ideal LED alternative to everything from 13-watt CFL to 100-watt metal halide downlights.”

A product of GE ecomagination℠, the LED modules of GE Lighting’s Lumination LED DownLights come in a variety of lumen outputs, color temperatures and offer up to 90 CRI color rendering—ideal for 10-16-foot ceilings. Additionally, the DI Series has a 50,000-hour rated lifetime, providing considerable maintenance savings compared to 20,000-hour rated lifetime for many CFL downlights.

Learn more about Lumination LED lighting fixtures at www.ledpanel-light.com. Read more about GE’s commitment to innovative solutions to today’s environmental challenges at www.ecomagination.com.

Guangdong Still Under LED Industry Oversupply Pressure

China’s National Development and Reform Commission and others announced the country’s latest strategic new industry development report at the China Hi-tech Fair on Nov. 16, 2013. Most industries remain small in Guangdong Province’s eight strategic new industries, according to the province’s latest strategic new industry report.

Strategic new industry sizes in Guangdong Province remained small, due to difficulties in expanding the domestic market and other factors. Different levels of oversupply issues have surfaced in the LED and photovoltaic industry. In addition, innovative technologies are mostly still at the stage of tracking and imitation, and lacks core technologies developed in-house. Take the Guangdong Province for example, on the surface it is a livid and rising industry, but in reality the industry’s future is in the hands of large companies, such as Google and Qualcomm that have control over operation system and core chip technologies.

Shenzhen strategic new industry is also facing lack of core technology. In addition, the city’s report also admitted nurturing a market is a long and tedious road, and tension in the industry’s developable space is also affecting potential development. 

Dialog Semiconductor Introduces New SmarteXite Technology Platform for Intelligent LED Lighting

SmarteXite enables solutions for digital dimming, wireless control and sensor control while supporting unprecedented time to market, optimised LED bulb quality and production yields

Dialog Semiconductor plc, a provider of integrated power management, AC/DC, solid state lighting and short-range wireless technologies, today announced its smarteXiteTM platform, enabling a new generation of highly flexible, programmable LED driver ICs for smart lighting applications. SmarteXite, based on fully configurable logic, is the first LED driver technology to directly and easily support wireless connectivity, light sensor control and allow easy integration into lighting control systems.

The first device from the smarteXite family, the iW6401, supports multiple dimming interfaces, including digital dimming via a simple main on/off switch, the new Ledotron(TM) digital dimming protocol and toggle-switch based dimming. All dimming-curves can be memory-configured to enable a highly optimised end-user lighting experience. The integrated digital loadline transmission (DLT) receiver in the iW6401 supports the Ledotron IEC 62756-1 dimming protocol, making it the world's first single-chip plug-and-play Ledotron solution.

Using a standard I2C digital interface, the iW6401 can serve as a powerful frontend for wireless communication modules like low-energy Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee. Additionally, intelligent sensor devices enabling color- or proximity-sensing can be directly connected. When such a peripheral device is used, the integrated power management unit in the iW6401 provides a stable power source, reducing the external component count and cost.

Combining Dialog's strengths in configurable power management with state-of-the-art digital signal processing design, the iW6401 is the world's first programmable AC/DC retrofit LED lamp driver IC, which allows engineers to design and configure the bulb design via software with an optimised bill of material (BOM) versus a time intensive iterative hardware design process. This greatly reduces the time to market and allows a smarteXite-based design to support many different global configurations and lighting requirements.

'Solid state lighting components and manufacturing costs have fallen to a level enabling LED bulbs to be sold in retail stores for under 10 dollars; this price point drives consumers to adopt the technology and retrofit their homes,' said Mark Tyndall, VP Corporate Development & Strategy and GM Power Conversion Business Group at Dialog Semiconductor. 'Market analyst firm McKinsey predicts a 57 percent compounded annual growth rate for LED bulbs units to be sold between 2012 and 2016, with more than 2.6 billion units to be sold in 2016.'
SmarteXite supports final stage digital calibration on the production line where the bulb manufacturers can reconfigure the illumination calibration settings like brightness and colour via the A/C mains terminals. This allows lower tolerance LEDs to be used with less binning or waste of LED's. Additionally, using this final stage calibration feature, the adjustment of the LED currents can be done even in the installed state, making the smarteXite platform also ideal for Zhaga compliant power supplies. The iW6401 can be configured to actively manage the lamp temperature using either an on-chip or off-chip temperature sensor together with configurable state temperature control.

LEDs are especially suitable to be dimmed in a wide range. Unlike CFLs and other discharge lamps, LEDs can be set to almost zero current by applying digital control principles. With smarteXite, intelligent control algorithms can be employed and configured to provide a wide dimming range. Additionally, the smarteXite platform offers a range of protection and supervision functions, which can be customised for the different lamp requirements.

Taiwan LED Manufacturers Present Green Lighting Solutions at Indo LED & Lighting Expo in Jakarta

The 2013 Emerging Markets Campaign of Taiwan’s Green Trade Project Office has landed in Jakarta, Indonesia with a delegation of Taiwanese LED lighting manufacturers ready to showcase the latest innovations at the Indo LED & Lighting Expo scheduled to be held on November 6-9.
A ‘Taiwan Innovative LED Lighting Product Pavilion’ is set up for the fair in the Jakarta International Expo Center (Hall A2, Booth AK 010) to present a variety of LED lighting solutions offered by Taiwanese companies.

Indo LED & Lighting Expo to be held on November 6-9 (photo courtesy: indoledexpo)

The Green Trade Project Office had previously organized exhibitions in Sao Paulo, Chongqing, Tianjin and Istanbul, aiming to enhance the overall brand visibility of Taiwan’s LED lighting products for further business opportunities in the aforementioned markets.

Li-Yen Ma, Division Chief of the Integrated Marketing Division at the Green Trade Project Office, said, ‘We have seen strong demand for energy-efficient products as well as diversified sources of energy in the emerging market segment, mainly boosted by the robust economic performance. Taiwanese companies can no doubt fulfill the needs. Taiwan has been the largest LED component manufacturer in the world, and has been lately expanding its business scope, serving global customers with innovative LED lighting solutions. The “Taiwan Innovative LED Lighting Product Pavilion” is intended as the first stop for buyers and visitors around the world to experience Taiwan’s quality products.’

Exhibitors at the ‘Taiwan Innovative LED Lighting Product Pavilion’ include TYC Brother Industrial, one of the world’s largest automotive lighting product makers; Aeon Lighting Technology, a leading high-power LED light manufacturer which had won the Red Dot Design Award and M Technology Award; Lei Yueh Enterprise, also an award-winning lighting solution provider holding several international design awards such as the IDEA, iF and Red Dot Design Awards; apm Communications of the Unimicron Group; Peng-Yun Technology; UBLeds; Hergy Lighting Technology; Eulife Technology; and Torch Industrial, presenting a wide range of LED lighting products.

Winner of the 2013 Taiwan Green Classics Award and iF Product Award, the BE Light from QisDesign combines form and light. Featuring a special hinge design, the BE Light can actually be folded down flat to a minimum height of 1.8 cm when not in use. Everlight Electronics, Taiwan’s leading LED maker and also a three-time winner of the Taiwan Green Classics Award, showcases its 8W LED light bulb line. The dimmer-free LED light bulb from BenQ is the winner of the 2012 Taiwan Green Classics Award.

The ‘Taiwan Innovative LED Lighting Product Pavilion’ is located at Hall A2, Booth AK 010. During the exhibition, the Green Trade Project Office will also hold the ‘A Touch of Light: Taiwan Products Launch’ conference on November 7, starting 14:00, in which five leading Taiwanese lighting solution designers, Lei Yueh Enterprise, Aeon Lighting Technology, apm Communications, Peng-Yun Technology and Jan Cheng Lighting Co., Ltd. (Dancelight), will present their latest technology innovations and lighting products.

Cree to Provide LEDs for QuantumLED Commercial Lamp Bulbs

CRS Electronics Inc. ("CRS" or the "Company"), a developer and manufacturer of LED lighting products, today announced they have selected Cree, a market-leading innovator of lighting-class LEDs, to provide the LEDs for their new QuantumLED commercial lamp (bulb) brand. QuantumLED lamps will feature Cree's latest XP-G2 LED technology.

"We do all of our product development in-house and consistently look to Cree for the latest in LED technology," said Scott Riesebosch, Chief Technology Officer at CRS Electronics. "As a customer that uses the XP package, we're excited to be able to extend our product portfolio with the newest XP-G2 LED."

Cree's XLamp® XP-G2 LED has been employed throughout the QuantumLED directional lamp product portfolio. The initial product offering includes PAR lamps, as well as MR16 lamps in three distinct lumen packages. A family of R and BR reflectorized lamps will also be offered. Directional lamps will be available in multiple beam angles, and all will offer the highest lumen output, efficacies, and color temperature ranges on the market. In addition, QuantumLED will feature an extremely hard-to-find 2200 Kelvin color temperature option throughout its entire product line.
"CRS Electronics' QuantumLED lamps showcase the advantages of Cree's XP-G2 LEDs," said Paul Thieken, Cree Director of Marketing, LED Components. "The XP-G2 LED allows CRS to seamlessly leverage the higher-performance Cree LEDs without making any additional investment."

Empire State Building to Put on its First Halloween Light Show

NTENNA REVEAL: As a special surprise and gift to New York City and the world, Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. has installed for the first time lights to the Empire State Building's antenna—the highest structure on the building.  These custom LED lights can be seen for miles in every direction. On Halloween night, the antenna LEDs will be unveiled for the first-time ever, and will become part of the Empire State Building's light shows and iconic tower lightings, further enhancing and redefining the New York City skyline. 

On Thursday, October 31, 2013, at 8:30 p.m. EST, ESRT and Clear Channel Media and Entertainment will give New York City a Halloween-themed LED light show choreographed by internationally-acclaimed lighting designer Marc Brickman to a Halloween-inspired soundtrack on Clear Channel's powerhouse radio stations Z100 (100.3 FM) and KTU (103.5 FM).

The Empire State Building Halloween Light Show promotional poster. The Empire State Realty  Trusty (ESRT) will release photos and video footage of the Halloween Light Fair after the  show. (Photo Courtesy of Empire State Realty Trust)

The addition of the new antenna LED lights will offer more than 200 feet of new lighting capabilities to extend and amplify the entire tower from choreographed light shows to daily lightings with the same effects and 16 million colors as the other tiers of the tower.

THE SIGHTS: Best Light Show Public Viewing Locations:

• Brooklyn Bridge
• Bryant Park
• The Highline
• Hoboken/Jersey City Waterfront
• Hudson River Esplanade
• Long Island City
• Madison Square Park
• Tribeca Park
• Union Square
• Williamsburg Waterfront

THE SOUNDS: Fans in New York and around the Tri-State area can tune into Z100 (100.3 FM) or KTU (103.5 FM) to hear the synchronized soundtrack in real-time during the light show.

The Halloween-inspired hits for the light show:

• "This Is Halloween"
• "Ghostbusters"
• "Monster Mash"
• "Halloween"
• "Somebody's Watching Me"

Those unable to view the live show can watch the official video of the entire light show on the Empire State Building's YouTube page via the following link: www.youtube.com/esbnyc.

LEDs and the Future of Light

GE Lighting recently published in a blog entry Gary Allen, Principal Engineer and Physicist at GE Lighting’s views on future LED lightingtrends. Though the upfront costs are currently high, the future of LED light bulbs is bright. Gary Allen of GE Lighting notes the trend of falling costs per lumen—and what that means for the accessibility of the LED bulb.

What initially interested you about LEDs?

I’ve been doing R&D, Innovation, and New Product Introduction (NPI) in Lighting for 26 years—24 of those with GE. My sole focus has been helping to provide lighting solutions that push the envelope toward the ideal light source. Efficacy, color quality, life of the light source, cost, controllability, and infinitesimally small; LEDs are approaching most of those criteria probably 10x faster than any previous light source technology had progressed.

So for me, the opportunity to design new lighting products by leveraging these breakthrough capabilities of LEDs, in combination with the energetic and creative talent that we have within our Innovation and New Product teams at GE Lighting, is a career-long dream come true.

What makes LED lights particularly great as grow lights for plants?

Probably the two most desirable attributes in today’s plant-growing applications are the control of the spectral content of the light and high efficiency (low heat load and low operating cost).

Presently, most plant growing is done with blue and red light, but a recently emerging field in horticulture is the discovery that the ideal spectral content, and the ideal timing of both brightness and colors through the day and the seasons, is different for various types of plants. So, whereas most plant growing now uses blue and deep red LEDs, the future ideal horticultural light sources might have any number of tunable wavelengths adjustable to the specific plants being grown. No legacy light source can provide the combination of high efficiency, tunable spectral content, and controllability of LEDs.

With all the advantages of LEDs, will there continue to be a market for compact fluorescent light bulbs?

LEDs have many advantages over CFLs, but today’s higher cost of LEDs mean that for many consumers CFL is presently the best choice. CFLs are a phenomenally good investment for consumers right now based on electricity savings. The true cost of the 100W incandescent light bulb isn’t the US$ 0.50 price of the bulb. The true cost also includes the electricity used over the 1000-hour life of the bulb, which averages about US$ 12 for US consumers. So, each 100W incandescent bulb costs US$ 12.50, not US$ 0.50.

A typical CFL bulb lasts as long as eight incandescent bulbs. If the consumer buys eight incandescent bulbs instead of one CFL, the real cost of those eight incandescent is US$ 100! CFL buyers understand that. They’re saving about US$ 70 of that US$ 100 for every 26W CFL that they buy. Putting one or two CFLs into your shopping cart might pay for everything else in the cart!

LED lamps that provide as much light as a 100W incandescent bulb are becoming available over the next year or so. They will use about 20-25 watts and will last 25x longer than the incandescent, but they might cost US$ 50 or more. So, the payback time will be about five years versus the three to six months for the CFL.

Interestingly, gas-hybrid cars have about a five-year payback, too. Nonetheless, our intense focus among LED lamp manufacturers is to bring those prices down as quickly as possible. In five years, the cost of LED light bulbs should not be a concern for most consumers. They’ll get a nearly perfect light bulb at an affordable price, and each one will save them US$ 100 or more.

Haitz’s Law says that every decade LEDs will become cheaper by a factor of ten. Do you think this will continue to be true?

Those incredible rates of progress for LEDs have been constant—hardly wavering—since the first visible LED was invented at GE’s Global Research Center by Nick Holonyak in 1962.

That means that over five decades, the cost per lumen has come down by 105. That means that a US$ 1 LED today would have cost US$ 100,000 50 years ago.  Those of us who remember those days can attest that LEDs then were used only in expensive, esoteric applications, e.g. in space and in science. That cost trend suggests that today’s US$ 1 LED will cost 10 cents in 10 years. That is a generally accepted projection in the industry, and we’ll probably get there. That forthcoming reduction in cost will make LEDs affordable in almost all applications, and they will probably be the dominant light source in most applications by 2020.

How long do you think it will be before LEDs replace incandescent light bulbs entirely?

The automobile still has not entirely replaced the horse and buggy, people still burn candles for light, and I hope that incandescent lamps are never entirely replaced. Apart from poor efficiency, they are a beautifully elegant product, and some consumers will always love them for special occasions. But, the industry projections suggest that in five years, INC lamp sales will be only about one percent of all lamp sales for general lighting applications. Edison’s iconic invention will have had a 135-year-plus run.  I think he would have been extremely pleased.